Psychiatry and Mental Health

The psychological effects of the pandemic are better described in terms of the medical and psychological issues that occurred before the pandemic and also the path plastic impact of the pandemic on these issues; reactions to social isolation and lockdown; psychological reaction to the diagnosis, public response to those with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The social gap and lockdown have also contributed to several improvements in day-to-day activities, redistribution of homework, comprehensive work from home and longer spent with those who live together.

Dementia could be a persistent Neurodegenerative condition within which the mental functioning and personality is totly impaired.It results in a p rogressive loss of memory which affects people's lifestyle. Dementia is not a single illness entity but the symptoms group. Common symptoms include changes in personality, lack of recognition, emotional issues, failure sense of direction.Alzheimer's society reports that about 50 million people live with Dementia, and it’s also reported that a person develops Dementia for every three seconds. Dementia prevails in the medicine field as one of the priority factors. Dementia is main leading cause for death in England and Wales over heart diseases. Alzheimer disease is 6th leading cause of death within the USA

Forensic Psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry which deals with the law, assessment and treatment of mentally disordered offenders, the support and assistance of the court and related agencies. It includes mental disordered offenders in prisons, secure hospitals and community.  It is also concerned with the ethics of psychiatry, predictions, if possible, the enhancement if seriousness and the contribution of psychiatry to criminology and penology. It needs sophisticated understanding between mental health and law interfaces. In forensic psychiatry, the two main areas of criminal evaluation are Competency to Stand trial (CST) and Mental State at the Time of the Offense (MSO). The work of forensic psychiatry is mostly deals with courts in assessing a person’s competency to stand trial, defences based on mental disorders.

Mental Health is the base for well-being and active functioning for a single and for a Community. Neither mental nor physical health can exist alone. Mental, physical, and social functioning is interdependent. Mental state and mental illness are determined by various and interacting social, psychological, and biological factors, even as health and illness in normally. Positive psychological state has been variously conceptualized as a positive emotion (affect) like feelings of happiness, a personality trait inclusive of the psychological resources of self-esteem and mastery, and as resilience, which is the capacity to deal with adversity. An aspect of fine psychological state is that the capacity for mutually satisfying and enduring relationships.

Mental disorder could be a reason behind disorder in brain that may change the mood, thinking or behaviour of an individual and it’s believed that reason behind genetic, biological and environmental factors. A number of the foremost common mental illnesses include anxiety, depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. There’s an unclear statement for causes of Mental illness but most of the mental illness where consider as heredity which is the passage of gene from parents to children in Families. The Mental illness might disturb the ability of a person like function, connection with others. This state can be temporary, lasting a few months or years, or it may be chronic and affect the person their Perfect life. Successful treatments and Interventions are used to overcome mental illness/Mental disorder.

The people with mental health conditions are mostly plagued by discrimination as well as stigma. Stigma is a negative stereotype which sets a person apart from others. It is a reality for people with mental illness and they report that how others judge them is one of their extreme barriers to entire life. The stigma of mental illness is often interconnected to circumstance than to a person’s appearance, remains a   dominant negative attribute in Social relation. Stigma differs from discrimination. Discrimination is the behaviour of negative stereotype. They are two types of Mental Health stigma. The individuals with mental illness are characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given called Social Stigma. In Contrast, Perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing of their perceptions of discrimination by the mental health sufferer.

Till now health systems are not yet effectively reacted to the burden of mental disorders as importance, the gap between the necessity of the treatment and the facility is great around the globe. In developing and under developed countries, the number of general and specialized health workers related to mental health is completely inadequate. The main objectives of the health plan are to support active management and authority for mental health, to offer complete incorporated and approachable mental health services in community-based settings, to implement policies for advertising and prevention in mental health, to support evidence system, information and research for psychiatry.

Personality states a person’s habit, attitudes as well as physical traits which are not same but have vary from group to group and society to society, everyone has personality, which may be good or bad, impressive or unimpressive. It also defined as a combination of an individual thoughts, characteristics, behaviors, attitude, idea and habits. Personality disorder is a state where the person’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviors cause became long lasting problems in their life. They are different types of personality disorders which are grouped into three categories such as Suspicious, Anxious and Emotional & impulsive. Persons suffering from personality disorder have struggle related to other folks and situation, this can a cause major problem in a person’s personal and professional life.

Positive Psychology is a positive aspect of human life, such as happiness, psychological well-being and flourishing. Positive Psychology focuses on the field of examining the conversion of ordinary people into happier and more fulfilled. Positive psychology can be beneficial in treating depression. Positive psychology can be beneficial in treating depression. PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievement) is an acronym that stands for the five elements developed by Martin Seligman that account for what makes up the “good life”. A number of studies have explored that positive psychological traits are associated with improvement of mental health and physical health and longevity. Positive psychiatry contributes to the development of clinical, research, and educational requirements, significantly contributes to mental health promotions, attempt to have a fresh look‚ at the ‘mental health-mental illness’ paradigm to offer a ‘people-centric psychiatry.

Psychiatry may be a field of Mediciation deals with the Study of Mental state disorders, diagnosis and its treatment. It focuses on detection, prevention, early treatment and resilience of a private Mental state. A personal psychological state is influenced by both specific to a personal in addition as interactions associated with society, community, and family. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who focus on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of emotional, mental and behavior disorders. Researches related to Psychiatry seek to Understand and explain how we meditate, act and feel as well as diverse factors that can impact the human mind and behavior.

Any behavioural that’s out of control in a way is predicted to addiction. A number of the behavioural addiction likes alcoholism, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, drug addiction, opiate addiction, food addiction, gambling addiction, and sexual addiction root cause of brain damage/brain disorder. Addiction may cause health problem as well as problems at work and with family members and friends. Addicted person manages his stress and other mental health problems with the therapy. Treatment may also include Hospitalization, Therapeutic communities or sober houses and Outpatient programs. Psychological causes of Addiction could be sometimes individual indulges in Harmful behaviors because of an abnormality, or "psychopathology" that manifests itself as mental illness. Psychotherapy identifies, resolves psychological disorders and reconstructs the personality or improvises an individual's cognitive and emotional functioning.

Psychosis is a condition in which the person experiences delusions, hallucinations, breaks from reality, and a variety of other extreme behavioral disturbances.  It is a symptom of serious mental disorders. This is severe enough that the person typically has to be institutionalized. The people suffering from psychosis can also have thoughts those are different to actual evidence. These thoughts are called as delusions. Sometimes they also experiences loss of motivation and social withdrawal. These experiences can be frightening. People with psychosis may hurt themselves or others. Medicine and therapies are helpful in treating psychosis.

The technique used for assessing an individual’s personality, behavior, cognitive abilities and other fields called psychological evaluation. The main aim of modern psychological evaluations is to understand someone’s psychological life that can be inhibiting their ability to feel or behave in more proper or positive ways. It is mental equivalent of physical examination. The set of tests administered to evaluate behavior, personality and capabilities of individuals called psychological assessment.  The test battery varies depending upon the referral question(s), and can include a structured interview, assessment of intellectual capability, learning/processing measures, measures of attention and memory, academic achievement measures, projective measures, self-report surveys, parent and third-party checklists, and possibly in vivo observations. Testing sessions are typically scheduled during the morning when most people function at their best.

Psychosocial Rehabilitation aims to provide the optimal level of functioning of individuals and societies, and the minimization of disabilities and handicaps, stressing individuals' choices on how to live successfully in the community. It implies both improving individuals' competencies and introducing environmental changes in order to create a life of the best quality possible for people who have experienced a mental disorder, or who have an impairment of their mental capacity which produces a certain level of disability. PSR is complex and ambitious because it encompasses many different sectors and levels, from mental hospitals to homes and work settings. Hence it encompasses society as a whole. Nonetheless, it is an essential and integral part of the total management of persons disabled by mental disorders.

Psychiatric or Mental health Nursing selected position of a nursing , which has specialized in mental health and cares for people with mental illness such as psychosis, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, dementia and many more. Nurses in this field will receive particular training in psychological therapies, building a therapeutic alliance, dealing with exciting behavior, and the psychiatric medication administration. Psychiatric nurses are experts in crisis intervention, mental health, medications and therapies to assist patients in mastering mental illnesses. They work closely with them so that they can live as productive and fulfilling lives as possible.

Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods to help a person to change mood and overcome problems in preferred way. It is the method of working with licensed therapist to develop positive thinking and coping skills and treat mental health issues such as mental illness and trauma. The main objective is to improve an individual’s mental health and well-being, to ease or decide troublesome behaviours, compulsions, thoughts or emotions and to improve the Social skills and relationships. Some mental disorders are diagnosed by using certain Psychotherapies, it is also considered as evidence based for treating psychological disorders. A psychotherapist interacts with patients to initiate change in the patient's thoughts, feelings, and behavior through adaptation. Psychotherapists provide treatment in individual and group settings.

Schizophrenia is a long-lasting and severe mental disorder that disturbs the person thinking, feelings, and behavior. People with schizophrenia may appear like they have lost touch with reality. It is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive problems, schizophrenia can often be a lifelong fight. Schizophrenia has three phases – prodromal (or beginning), acute (or active) and recovery (or residual). Psychiatrists evaluate signs, examinations, and medical history, and recommend medicines and psychotherapy for treatment. Schizophrenia generally tends to occur between age group of 16 and 30. Development of the symptoms occurs very slowly, such that individual cannot know that it has been developing.

Stress is primarily psychological perception of pressure. Stress releases powerful neurochemicals and hormones that prepare us for action (to fight or flee).It causes change in the body and also affects the emotion .Stress linked with some of the heart related disease like coronary artery disease, heart attack, and heart failure. Extreme reaction to stress causes panic attack. Situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. Stress response begins in the brain stress might be positive; motivating force that can improve the quality of our lives at sometimes they are called Eustress. Stress evokes various response like physiological, cognitive (e.g. Difficulty concentrating or making decision) and behavioral

Suicidology focuses on suicidal behaviour and suicide prevention. Suicidology has multidisciplinary field most significant two primary were considered has psychology and sociology. Studies states that mortal rate of sixteen per 100,000 or one death every forty seconds by suicide. Suicidal behaviour is complex and there’s no single cause. In fact, several diverse factors subsidise to someone making a suicide attempt. In ratio Men are more likely to die by suicide than women for the women suicide is between the age of 45 and the men highest risk of suicide occurs at 75+ only.